ImporTant Amendments!!!

i`m in a thought of explaining some of the important amendment. I`ll not be including each and every amendments as 4 that we r having our very own "wikipeDia" i`ll be including those amendments that holds an importance for instance 1st , 7th,24th and so on!!! if any doubts do post me as comments!!


The 1st Amendment of 1951


It permitted reasonable restrictions to be imposed by law on the exercise of the right of freedom of speech and expression and the right to practise any profession or to carry on any trade or business as contained in Article 19   of the constitution. These new grounds of restrictions were necessaryin the interest of friendly relations with foreign states.
                                                                              The amendment also inserted two new articles 31A and 31B and the ninth schedule to give protection from challenge to land reform laws.


A new clause(4) was added to Article 15 which empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of the socially and educationally backward classes of citizens.
**It was necessitated due to the decision of the supreme court in CHAMPAKAM Vs. STATE OF MADRAS.** 

7^th Amendment of 1956

It was passed for the reorganization of the states. In this provisions were made for the implementation of the recommendations of the state reorganization commission regarding constitutional safeguards for linguistic minorities.

24^th Amendment of 1971

It laid down that after an amendment has been carried out, it shall be presented to the president for his assent.

31^st Amendment of 1973

It increased the upper limit for representation of the states  in the lok sabha from 500 to 525 and decreased the limit for union territories from 25 to 20, thus increasing the elective strength of lok sabha from 525 to 545

~~Decembe 20!o...........Bhaag 2~~

Lenin Raghuvanshi, an Indian human-rights activist to receive an award in the city of Weimar, Germany for aid to untouchables, prize money worth 2,500 euros($3,300) was awarded on International Human Rights Day

Rajveer Singh and Hukum Chand, two forest guards in Rathambore risked their own lives to save the life of their senior from a tiger an their brave act has made them award winners in the NDTV-Aircel's "Save our Tigers" Campaign

Infosys has been recognised as a winner of the Global, Asian and Indian Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises (MAKE) Awards for 2010, by Teleos in association with KNOW Network


Yamaha launches superbike FZ1

Ducati to launch Diavel model in India by April 2011

Mahindra Reva Eletric vehicles launches its Revai priced at around Rs.3.10 lakh

Nissan launches diesel-powered Micra

India to set up 19 training institutes in Africa including foreign trade institute in Uganda and a diamond centre in Botswana

Civil Aviation Security Council to be set up to deliberate and recommend measures to step up aviation security

Banks told to cap cash deposit charges at Rs.5

Airtel launches its IMEWE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) ultra high capacity submarine cable system to deliver better connectivity requirements of Middle East and European countries to Asia transiting through India

Wipro signs 5-year IT outsourcing deal with Vasan Eye Care

Reckitt to acquire Paras Pharma for Rs.3,260 crore

Ashok Leyland bags Rs.125 crore order from VRL

Munjals to buy Honda stake in JV for $1 billion

Wipro Technologies opens development centre in Budapest, Hungary

PNB bought 63.64% stake in Kazakhstan's JSC Dana Bank

Punjab plans to setup a permanent convention centre in Amritsar on the lines of Delhi's Pragati Maidan

Juniper networks, California based network solution vendor to hire 750 people for its India Excellence Center (IEC)

France to introduced so-called 'Google tax' on online advertisements on January 1st 2011
Google Tax: The tax on companies based in France would be amount to one% of the net amount spent on online advertising

Kingston appoints DIGICARE to manage the after-sales support and service programs for all consumers in India

Kerala government's 'e-District' project, which would make various government services available online to be launched at Kannur and Palakkad

Jordan has sealed $10 million agreement with Google allowing it to use the world's largest Internet search engine advertising

Harley-Davidson bikes from India plant at Bawal, Haryana in 2011 to be priced Rs.6.5 lakh

TCS signs deal with Deutsche Bank worth $100 million

Amkette launches ATOM - Laptop Mouse under the "Colors-on-the-go" range

Emerson launches Liebert CRV cooling unit in India

Ashok Leyland to open assembly plant in UAE's Ras al Khaimah investment Authority (RAKIA)

FIAT to invest $1.7 billion to build a second car factory in Brazil

ING Life launches ULIP

Lanco Infratech buys Australia's coal mine Griffin

Siemens sells IT unit to France's Atos Origin for 850 million pounds ($1.14 billion)

Nocartis seals $41 billion Alcon deal

Nokia, IBM collaborate to deliver (e-mail)mobile solution

YouTube in talks to buy Next New Networks, Web Video production company

Siemens to sell its Solutions in Services (SIS) to Atos Origin

ArcelorMittal to buy Canadian iron ore company Baffinland for $433 Million

DIAL partners with IBM India to create smarter air terminal

Bajaj allianz launches instant tax-calculator for mobile phone users

India inks USD 123 million loan with ADB

KFC opens 100th store in Bangalore

Bangalore to get piped gas supply to domestic consumers starting 2012

TCS bags Rs.85 crore 3 year deal for implementing smart card-based Financial Inclusion Solution (FIS) for Indian Bank

On the occasion of Emperor Akihito's birthday on December 14th 2010, Mayayuki Tsuchikawa, consul and head of the consulate has revealed tht Japanese scholarships are to be offered in 3 courses - undergraduate, diploma and professional training via. Tokyo University, office to be setup in Bangalore in 2011

Canonical, which provides engineering, online and professional services to Ubuntu partners and customers has announced Ubuntu Developer Day on January 27th 2011

Unilever's John Cooper, head of corporate occupational health, set to retire in December 2010, the organisation has chosen Thirumala Rajgopal to head and operate from India staring 1st January 2011. It is the first time for a FMCG industry to have global functional head posted in India

Deepak Kapoor has been appointed as chairman of PricewaterCoopers India

Sheik Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum has been named Dubai World chairman

Nitin Seth has been appointed as the executive director of Ashok Leyland's LCV's division

US diplomat Richard Holbrooke,69, the US special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan passes away

Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg has been named Time magazine's 'Person of the Year' for 2010

India ranks 4th in Asia and 10th in world in plant diversity

NASA's Cassini spacecraft has spotted an ice volcano on Saturn's moon Titan


Saina Nehwal wins Hong Kong Super Series

Caroline Wozniacki became the first Danish player to win the International Tennis Federation's World Champion award. Rafael Nadal won the men's award for the 2nd time after winning 3 of the 4 Grand slams

Rahul Dravid becomes 3rd highest run-getter in the history of Test cricket with 11,943 runs

Lenovo to launch LePad tablet PC

Intel Atom processor E600 series has been launched in India

Panasonic unveils world's largest (152-inch) 3D full high definition plasma TV in India, priced at around Rs.3.5 crore

Sony unveils NEX-5 and NEX-3 cameras in India


India-based documentary directed by Kim Longinotto's 'Pink Saris' wins at Abu Dhabi Film Festival, the director says the prize money will be used to help the girls who featured in the film

Ratan Tata conferred the prestigious 'Legend in Leadership Award' at the 64th Yale CEO Leadership Summit by Yale University President Richard C Levin

Tendulkar has been honoured 'Lebara People's Choice' award by Ratheesan Yoganathan, CEO Lebara at the inaugural Asian Awards in UK

Manju Kapur's 'The Immigrant', Neel Mukherjee's 'A Life Apart' and Amit Chaudhuri's 'The Immortals' have been shortlisted for $50,000 literary prize

GM India to come out with eletric car next year

R-Power awards Rs.10,000 crore order to GE

Maruti plans to add 1,500 service outlets by 2015

B.M.Munjal family, owners of the Indian promoters stake in Hore Honda, will be officially known as the Hero Group with a division of $4.2 billion

China becomes Volvo's 3rd largest market

AIA raises $17.9 billion, becomes 3rd biggest IPO

ICICI Bank and American Express launch prepaid travel card, a smart alternative to cash while travelling

Bharti Airtel plans call center jobs in Africa, hires IBM and Tech Mahindra and Spanco to render services

SEBI doubles retail investor limit in IPO to Rs.2,00,000

160by2.com tie up with AhaApps.com to launch iPhone application enabling free SMS from all iPhones

Bharti Airtel to launch 3G by end of 2010

RBI insists 2nd password for online shopping

India's Exports jump 23% or $18 billion in September at its fastest pace in 2 years

Maruti Suzuki to manufacture its first fully 'Made in India' car

Warren E. Buffett hires manager for portfolio management for Berkshire Hathaway

DGCX,Indian Rupee futures contract traded a record 6,043 contracts worth $270.61 million as on October 19th 2010

Cable and Wireless Worldwide announces 2nd Network Operating Centre in India

Intel's 1st Asia unit in China begins production

Advaith Hyundai has launched 'Free Care Care Clinic'

Volkswagen India signs a MoU with a Punjab-based education group Rayat Bahra to impart technical training to engineering students



Indian archery coach Cherukuri Lenin has been killed and 2 Delhi Commonwealth Games silver medalists, Ritul Chatterjee and Chittibomma Jignesh were injured in a road accident near Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh

Ted Turner, the chairman of United Nation's Foundation and the founder of Cable New Network(CNN) has donated $1 billion towards the eradication of polio in Nigeria

Chaitanya Kamat has been appointed as Oracle Financial Service Software (OFSS) Managing Director and CEO

India's most loved cartoonist R.K.Laxman turns 86

Baldev Raj has been elected president of the International Institute of Welding(IIW). Baldev becomes the 1st Indian and 2nd Asian to be elected to Head IIW. Welding societies from 55 countries are its members. Baldev to hold office for 3 years from 2011-2014

2 Engineering students, Vaibhav Tidke a final year student of Master's in Chemical Technology at the Institute of Chemical Technology from Mumbai and Chandrashekaran a student of Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu have been selected for prestigious Bayer Young Environmentalist Envoy (BYEE) honour who will also attend an international conference in Germany in November

Vinod J Nathan has been appointed as National Sales Head for Kannada channel Suvarna TV

Moon's surface contains a rich mix of elements including silver and carbon dioxidealong with water

Russia marks 50th anniversary of worst space accident, in which 126 designers and servicemen were killed during a launch pad accident but families and the public was kept in dark till the Soviet collapse in 1991

Scientist have discovered a huge alien planet in a system with 2 suns, orbits the primary star identified as HR 7162 which is a part of a binary star system 49 light-years away in the constellation Lyra

United States has approved world's biggest solar energy project in the world, 4 plants at the cost on 1 billion dollars each. To be built in Mojave desert Southern California, the project is expected to create more than 1,000 jobs

Emirates to offer packages for the AFC Asian Cup Qatar 2011. The tournament is scheduled to take place in Doha from January 7-29, 2011, 16 of Asia's top national teams to compete for the AFC Asian Cup 2011

Former Indian seamer Venkatesh Prasad has emerged as a candidate to replace Troy Cooley as Australia's pace bolwing coach after the 2011 World Cup

India bags 2 golds, 1 silver medal at the 15th International Astronomy Olympiad held in Ukraine

Garcia,31,lost consciousness and collapsed on field at the 60th minute of the second division match in the El Helmantico Stadium in Salamanca

Swiss master Roger Federer beat Germany's Florian Mayer 6-4 6-3 to win the Stockholm Open to equal Pete Sampras's haul of 64 ATP titles

Tendulkar in ESPNcricinfo's all-time Test World XI

India moves up to 2nd place in ICC's Championship table after 1-0 win over Australia

Somdev Devvarman achieves career high rank of 94 with 568 points

View D, Handset maker Spice has launched the country's first 3D display mobile phone priced at Rs.4,299

China's iPad users get 24-hour free TV broadcast from state-owned television network China Xinhua News Network Corporation(CNC)

E-mage, a new tool to secure personal information online

Wi-Fi Direct, a technology to allow the use of WiFi device to device communication without any Wi-Fi network or access point
(Similar to bluetooth with a distance of 200 yards at speed of upto 250 megabyte)

Reliance launches SMS based mobile conferencing service, as an extension of its Group Talk facility

Shanghai-Hangzhou rail link covers the 200-km distance in only 45 minutes, reducing the travelling time from 78 minutes

Motorola launches Android based tablet at Rs.12,990


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~~Decembe 20!o...........Bhaag 1~~

Bopanna-Qureshi, with their message 'Stop War Start Tennis'. fetches the Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year award during the ATP World Tour Finals at London

Lata Mangeshkar has been presented lifetime achievement award at the Global Indian Music Awards(GIMA) 2010

Kumar Raman from Syntel has won QAI's software testing award at the 10th Annual Software Testing Conference 2010 for his paper titled 'Healthcare Testing for the Compliance Era'

At 96, Khushwant Singh pens a book 'The Sunset Club', that will be released on November 30th 2010 by Gurcharan Kaur

Motorola to split into 2 companies on January 4th 2011. The split will result in Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions and businesses to focus on cellphones and Internet and other equipments

Tata Motors has launched its mini-truck 'Ace Super City' in Thailand, to enter the Thai car market soon

Qualcomm India to launch Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) services in 2nd half of 2011

HCL signs a multi-year IT infrastructure management deal with Prudue Pharma

Google to launch e-book store venture in Jan-Mar 2011

TCS opens BPO center in Phillippines

Lubrizol opens Applications and Business Center in Mumbai

Mastek acquires assets of American firm SEG Software

Hughes Communications India to provide broadband satellite and managed network services, has bagged two contracts from public sector banks worth about $12 million

The Society of Indian American Engineers and Architects (SIAEA) held an annual gala at the Grand Hyatt in New York Ciy. The theme for 2010 was "Helping Rebuild America" keeping in the view the slowdown of the economy

Indian Trade Fair to be held in Poland on December 4th 2010, to focus on B2B meets and showcase a range of products

9th Agro Tech 2010 to be held in Chandigarh between December 3rd to December 6th

Jaigopal Tiwari aged 64, ex-IAF serviceman goes back to college to spread awareness of basic laws among poor people. Tiwari has enrolled at Deena Ram Public Law College, Robertsganj, in Sonbhadra district

Kiran Kumar Reddy is the 16th Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh

LIC has appointed VK Sharma as the chief executive officer of LIC Housing Finance with effect from November 25

Vishal Bali appointed CEO of Fortis Global Healthcare

Kamalkar Kaul has been appointed as Chief Strategy Officer for EMC's government business

Sabrina Bachai aged 23 of Long Island has been crowned Mazza Miss India New York 2010

Jace Johnson, former Chief of staff of Sen. Orrin G.Hatch(R-Utah) has been appointed as the Vice President of Government Affairs and Public Policy with Adobe Systems

Dr.Arogyaswami Paulraj, co-founder of Beceem Communications Inc. has been named the recipient of the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal


Gulmarg rated Asia's 7th best ski resort


Peter Siddle becomes the 10th Australian and 38th player to get a hat-trick in test match cricket on 25th Nov 2010

Zaheer Khan ranked 3rd in the ICC Test Rankings

ICC ODI league to commence after World Cup 2011

Russia and Qatar to host FIFA World Cup 2018 and 2022 respectively

Acer is set to launch 5, 7 and 10 inch tablets in April 2011

Google Earth has launched the newer version, 6

Consultancy firm KPMG bags the financial advisor award from Asia Venture Capital Journal

Krishna Poonia, India's first woman to win gold medal at Commonwealth Games was conferred the Dayawati Modi Stree Shakti Award

Scientist Carusita Chakravarty was presented with the Stree Shakti Science Award

Sudha Rani Pandey, the first woman vice-chancellor of the Uttarakhand Sanskrit University was honoured with the Vidushi Vidyottama Stree Shakti Samman

Indian origin, Akash Krishnan and Matthew Fernandez of Portland, Oregon have developed a computer algorithm that can detect a speaker's emotions better than current technology which has won them a $100,000 grand prize

Sterlite Industries buys zinc mine in Namibia

The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) has signed as agreement with London School of Economics (LSE) to help policy makers conduct research in formulating strategies to ensure long-term sustainable growth

Blackberry maker RIM is buying Sweden's The Astonishing Tribe (TAT) which specializes in developing software that lets smart phone users customize as per the need

Honda to exit Hero Honda, to sell 26% stake

Infosys to spend Rs.75 crore to setup base in Kolkata

Toyota Etios launched at Rs.4.96 lakh

SBI launches 3 new products
Saral Life, Child ULIP - Smart Scholar and HNI(High Networth Individual) - Smart Elite

Volvo, Swedish based bus maker has bagged its single largest order of 100 multiaxle buses from hubli-based VRL Logistics

Google to acquire anti-piracy firm Widevine

Wipro bags $50 million, 3-year order from Vodafone Essar

Spice acquires Thailand's NewTel for $22 Million

Walmart to set up its Information Systems Division in India

Master Card Worldwide, a global payments company has developed a payment solution for 'Aadhaar' the Unique Identification Number

World Bank chief to launch carbon market fund

Shreyas inks pact with Tata Motors to acquire GPS trailers

ZTE bags USD 85 million contract from Aircel to deploy 3G network

Wipro to set up a 2nd campus in West Bengal at a cost of Rs.1000 crore, to provide 20,000 job

Mercedes Benz to invest Rs.200 crore to set up paint shop

TRAI releases "National Broadband Plan 2010" costing Rs.60,000 crore. 100% central public sector units - National Optical Fiber Agency (NOFA) will be setup which will hold 51% equity and remaining 49% will be held by the state government. Optical fiber agencies will also be set up in every state

Micromax, a domestic mobile handset major, plans to set up a manufacturing unit in Hyderabad and also plans solar-cell manufacturing unit

Future Group plans fruits, vegetables store 'farm fresh'

Tata launches 7-seater Winger platinum

Russia's largest steel maker NMDC plans to setup 5 million tonne steel plant in Karnataka, to invest Rs.25,000 crore

'Black Ducks', by Bangalore-based artist Panduranga Rao was showcased at the 12th Porto International Cartoon Contest and World Festival held recently at Portugal


IIM-Bangalore has been ranked 24th and IIM-Ahmedabad ranked 55th in a worldwide survey of 'Universal Business Schools with major international influence

HP in partnership with International Institute of Informational Technology, Bangalore (IIT-B) has launched the HP Network University which would allow IT Professionals to advance their IT knowledge

Mentor Graphics hosted 6th Annual User2User 2010 India conference in Bangalore on 10th December 2010 at Taj Vivanta, M.G.Road, Trinity Circle

BICSI in association with Manufacturers Association of Information Technology hosted anInternational Technology Conference and Exhibition on 7th December 2010 in Bangalore

Hemant Contractor has been promoted as CFO of SBI, replaces SS Rajana who is set to retire in 2012

2 Indian Americans, Chandrika Krishnamurthy Tandon, a Sanskrit chant vocalist andVijay Iyer, jazz pianist-cum-composer have been nominated for awards at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards ceremony, to be held in February in Los Angeles

R.K.Singh has been appointed as BPCL chairman

Soon H Kwon replaces Moon B Shin as MD of LG Electronics India

"Birds of America", the world's most expensive illustrated book, has been sold for a record price of 7.3 million pounds($11.5 million) at an auction in London


Kundankulam N-reactor to be operational by early next year

Indian American Nikku Madhusudhan have discovered a giant planet with an atmosphere and core dominated by carbon, diamond-studded stars foreseen. The planet named WASP-12b, orbits a star about 1200 light-years from earth, and appears to have temperatures of nearly 2300 degree Celsius - hot enough to melt stainless steel


Serbia win maiden Davis Cup title

India wins the 5-match series, 5-0 against New Zealand

Google launches mapping tool to monitor climate

Adobe's Flash player 10.2 beta promises HD video playback

Huawei to plant cyber security evaluation centre in India

Google unveils new smart phone Nexus S

Airtel to launch IPTV in Bangalore

Advanced Micro Devices has released 3 new processors in its Phenom II and Athlon IIline-ups

Google's Chrome OS to be free software